Irish Americans And Their Communities of Cleveland

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
	PREFACE	iii
	INTRODUCTION by Andrew M. Greeley	1
	PART ONE: THE IRISH IN CLEVELAND: ONE PERSPECTIVE
	by William F. Hickey
1.	A BRIEF HISTORY OF IRELAND	5
	The celts	5
	Saint Patrick	11
	Irish Scholarship and Missionary Work	14
	The Norman Invasion	16
	Lessening English Influence	18
	The Effects of the Reformation in Ireland	22
	Oliver Cromwell	25
	The Force of Religion	29
2.	THE PERIOD OF EMIGRATION	31
	The First Irish Immigrants	32
	Mass Migration	36
	Moving West: The Erie Canal	43
	Conditions for Canal Workers	45
	The Ohio Canal	50
3.	SETTLING IN CLEVELAND	52
	What is Meant by "Irish	52
	The First Irish in Cleveland	54
	Whiskey Island	56
	Life on Whiskey Island	63
	New Work on the Canal Boats	65
	Moving Out from Whiskey Island: the 1830’s	67
	Expansion Continued: Irishtown	70
	Working on the Docks: The Iron Ore Terriers	72
	Upward Mobility: The 1850's	81
	Shantytown Life in the Late 1800' s	85
	Irish Saloons	88
	Politics	93
	Crime	96
	Service Occupations and Some Community Problems	100
	Continued Expansion: Lace Curtain and Shanty Irish	102
	Irish Wakes	105
	Cleveland Irish During the Civil War	108
	Organizations to Free Ireland: Trouble with the Church	109
	Irishtown: 1870's and 1880's	113
	Cleveland Irish in Baseball	115
	Other Advances	117
	Politics: The End of the 19th Century	120
	Contributions of the Clergy	124
	A final Comment	126
	PART TWO: THE IRISH IN CLEVELAND: ONE PERSPECTIVE
	by Nelson J. Callahan	127
4.	CATHOLICISM AND THE IRISH	130
	The Old World Heritage	130
	Basic Problems of the Irish in America	132
	Cleveland Prior to Irish Immigration	134
	The Great Famine and the Subsequent Emigration	138
	Arriving in Cleveland	142
	Early Irish Settlements in Cleveland	147
	Development of the Catholic Diocese of Cleveland	148
	Saint Patrick Parish	155
	Saint Malachi Parish	156
	Summary of Differences Between West Side and East
	Side Parishes	158
	East and West Side Differences in the Twenty Century	166
5.	THE CLEVELAND IRISH AND THEIR PLACE OF ORIGIN	176
6.	THE EARLY IRISH NEIGHBORHOODS	180
7.	IRISH IN POLITICS AND PROFESSIONS	190
	The Influence of Archbishop John Ireland	190
	Judge Martin Foran	195
8.	THE IRISH AND EDUCATION	199
	The Catholic School System	199
	Higher Education	202
9.	LOST OPPORTUNITIES OF THE IRISH	206
	John F. Kennedy	214
10.	THE ROLE OF CLEVELAND BISHOPS IN SHAPING THE ETHNICITY OF
	CLEVELAND'S IRISH	219
	Bishop Ignatius Horstniann	219
	Bishop John Farrelly	223
	Bishop Joseph Schrembs	226
	Bishop Edward Hoban	231
11.	RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CLEVELAND IRISH AND IRISH WHO CAME
	TO CLEVELAND FROM OTHER AMERICAN CITIES	237
12.	IRISH ORGANIZATIONS IN CLEVELAND	241
	APPENDIX A	246
	APPENDIX B	252
	SOURCES	254

TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS

	Ireland and the European Countries in 1970		6
	Ireland		7
	Principal Celtic pop u lation movement		9
	St. Patrick's Bell and Shrine		12
	Early Ireland		15
	Oratory at Gallarus		19
	Rock of Cashel		23
	Oliver Cromwell & The Massacre of Drogheda		26
	Emigrant sailing		37
	Famine in Ireland		39
	St. Patrick's Day Parade		42
	Ohio Canal Freight Boat & Canal Scene		48
	The Cuyahoga		51
	Plan of Cleveland 1868 & Birdeye's View of Cleveland		55
	Grain boat upset near Lake Shore Bridge & River Boats on
	Whiskey Island		59
	Map: Streets on Whiskey Island		61
	The Flats from Columbus Hill		66
	Irishtown Bend & Old Main Avenue Lighthouse		71
	Cuyahoga River scene & Cuyahoga Pier		73
	Early machinery for loading and unloading ore		76
	Ore Docks on the River		79
	Old Irish Settlement & Superior Street Railway Co.		95
	Quiet reverence		129
	Lonely independence & Spotless interior		139
	St. Mary's of the Flats & Bishop Amadeus Rappe		150
	St. Colman's Church & Holy Rosary Church		154
	Early Cleveland Priests & St. Malachi's Catholic parish		157
	The Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist & Church of the
	Immaculate Conception and school		160
	Interior of St. Bridget's Church & Interior of the
	Church of the Holy Name		163
	St. Malachi's Church & St. Patrick's Church		169
	St. Ignatius College & St. Joseph's Church		174
	Aerial view of Cuyahoga River		183
	St. Colman's Church & St. Ann's Church		192
	Most Rev. John P. Farrelly		224
	Most Rev. Bishop Edward F. Hoban		232

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Last updated August 16, 2001